Dark Flow & Dark Fluid

New to the astronomy universe, dark flow is something to do with the velocity of galaxies. This is very ambiguous, but dark flow was only found out four years ago. Basically, the velocity is the velocity predicted by the sum in Hubble's law.

Dark Fluid is the most unclear force to scientists. Not much is known about it and I find it VERY hard to understand, probably due to my lack of knowledge in equations, but if you want to find out about dark fluid and dark flow (as this is the most ambiguous subject to me) then click this link. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_fluid and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_flow

Dark Energy

Opposite in it's effects to dark matter, dark energy pushes things apart while dark matter pushes things together. Dark energy is predominant in the universe. About 70% is dark energy, 29% is dark matter and 1% is cosmic dust. Dark energy is what is causing the expansion of our universe, and as dark energy "wins" the battle against dark matter, the expansion will become so fast, the universe could end in the big rip, where everything rips apart, even atoms. But don't worry, that won't happen for another ten trillion years.

Anti-Matter

Continuing on the atoms topic, I will be talking about Anti-matter, the opposite of matter. To the untrained eye, anti -matter will look like normal matter, but there are slight differences such as the electric charges which are opposite. So, the proton is negative, the electron is positive (known as a positron) and the nucleus and the neutron have no charge. Anti-matter and matter will obliterate each other on collision.
In recent science, scientists have the ability to make anti- matter in huge machinery and in even more recent science, scientists have captured anti -matter for fifteen minutes, which allowed for deeper understanding of this mysterious type of particle.

Dark Matter

Not much is known about dark matter. Dark matter was discovered 5 years ago and it is practically impossible to detect. Dark matter is nothing like normal matter, for instance, it doesn't give off electromagnetic rays. It was discovered by scientists studying the movement of galaxies and clusters of galaxies.  It forces objects to come together but another force and particle goes against that... but that is something coming tomorrow.

Atoms

This is the starting point for the next four topics. Atoms are matter that make up everything. Atoms cannot be seen by the naked eye, so you need a electron microscope. (Don't get one unless you want your whole neighbour hood to loose all their electricity)  Atoms are simple if you get it. Basically, to make an atom, you need electrons. If you like, think about the atom as a solar system. The sun is the nucleus (centre) and then the protons and neutrons are sun spots, and then then the electrons are planets whizzing around the gravity of the sun or the nucleus and sunspots. The electrical charges of the sub atomic particles are: Protons=positive. nucleus=none. Neutron:none. Electron=negative. The orbit of the electrons or planets are called shells. Well that's it Universe daily fans, Bye.

Solar system:The basics

As i want to make my blog more organised, I'm learning to do a horizontal tabs bar.

This tab is the solar system.

The basics

The solar system has the sun placed slap bang in the centre,the sun produces heat and gravity to keep the 8 planets in orbit. The 8 planets in order of closest to the sun to the farthest are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus (Don't laugh!) and Neptune. You may be wondering why Pluto isn't in there, well, in 2006, the European astronomy association decided that Pluto was one of many Dwarf planets in the solar system. Dwarf planets are small planets that don't have a clear orbit. (meaning there isn't a large amount of material in it's orbit. Between Mars and Jupiter is the asteroid belt, home to the other 3 most famous dwarf planets. They are: Eris, Makemake and Ceres. Another asteroid belt but a smaller one is in Pluto's orbit called the Keiper belt and beyond that, a bigger asteroid belt than the Keiper belt is the Oort cloud. And that is where our solar system is complete.

Galaxy clusters

Galaxy clusters are bassiclly big clumps of galaxies. Each Galaxy cluster has 1,000 galaxies to 1,000,000 (Anything above 1,000,000 is a supercluster) Our galaxy is in the local galactic group galaxy cluster and the virgo supercluster. With the Hubble telescope, sciencetists made a picture of the whole known universe which contained all the galaxy clusters and superclusters. If you look at it, it's like a sponge.